Whitepapers

Chlorine in crude oil can hydrolyze during processing to form hydrochloric acid. Many refiners rely on semi-periodic testing of inorganic chlorides. However, what if a desalter upset occurs or an organic chlorine slug is present in the incoming crude? Download our whitepaper to learn about 4 ways to monitor chlorine.

Although SSLNG expands the options for LNG’s availability, small-scale projects have a different set of technical and logistical requirements than larger facilities. The technologies, including the compressors running the refrigeration cycle, often can’t be efficiently scaled down. The multi-section technology employed by IGCs offers a flexible and economically attractive solution. 

It is essential to implement overfill Prevention Systems to minimize risk and improve safety. Preventing an overfill starts with proven solutions you can trust.

Learn about:

• Essential standards and guidelines
• Layers of protection
• Manual and automatic systems
• Level monitoring and proof testing technologies

The hydrocracker at the BP-Husky Toledo refinery in the USA was experiencing pressure and radial temperature differentials that were curtailing its catalyst cycle length and causing potential safety concerns. This paper explains how, by removing the reactor internals, reconfiguring the reactors and installing Shell Global Solutions' latest-generation internals, the refiner was able to overcome these constraints and achieve high-value performance improvements.

Liquid-feed steam crackers still provide an important part of the mix in meeting the global ethylene production requirement, especially where naphtha and light condensate are available at reasonable cost. The key operating requirements in steam-cracking naphtha or mixed liquid feeds are determined by the need for real time cracking furnace optimization, and the control of final product purity by final acetylene hydrogenation.

For 20 years, the polyester chain has grown quickly, with strong trade flows of paraxylene into the global production hub, China. But how will China’s new paraxylene capacity transform the global aromatic market? Now China is investing in domestic aromatic production capacity, but how will markets respond? Will global demand be enough to keep prices buoyant? Will current leaders lose share to a new wave of Chinese paraxylene?

This article will highlight the importance of residue upgrading processes for modern refineries in light of declining fuel oil demand and increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Carbon rejection processes are ideal for converting residue – it yields liquid products with higher hydrogen-carbon ratios, clean-burning fuel, known as flexigas, and a byproduct coke with reduced hydrogen-carbon ratio. ExxonMobil's carbon rejection process technology, FLEXICOKING^TM, integrates thermal conversion with air coke gasification to produce flexigas. To highlight how this technology works, the article will conclude with a case study which illustrates how FLEXICOKING helped improve the Hellenic Petroleum Elefsina Refinery’s economic and environmental performance.

Has your reactor shown signs of fouling, high pressure drop or thermal maldistribution, or had a shorter than expected cycle length? If so, you may be failing to capture the maximum value from your hydroprocessing unit or fixed-bed catalytic reactor. Furthermore, this could be having a severe impact on your refinery's profitability. This white paper discusses many of the most common issues encountered in a reactor and, through the inclusion of case studies, explains how a low-cost revamp involving the installation of latest-generation reactor internals can help to resolve them.